Hydraulic Vane Pump

In general, hydraulic cartridge pumps are used as medium pressure pumps in industries. The output flow in these pumps can be fixed flow rate or variable flow rate.

The vane or cartridge hydraulic pump is usually used at speeds of 1200 to 1800 rpm and up to 2400 RPM (revolutions per minute) if the combustion engine is used, and at the defined pressure and working speed, it has a volume efficiency between 85 and It is 90 percent. The hydraulic cartridge pump usually has a smooth and noiseless movement, and its satisfactory performance depends on the cleanliness of the oil, good lubrication and proper shaft speed. This pump is not suitable for operation at low speed and therefore it is not recommended to use it at speeds lower than 600RPM (revolutions per minute).

The main components of vane pumps

Vane pumps consist of three main parts, which are: pump shell, cartridge, and an explanation about each of these components is given below.

Vane pump body

Vane pump shell is usually made of cast iron so that in addition to having high resistance, its vulnerability is minimal. The shell is the location of the cartridge and the main components of the pump.

Vane pump cartridge or blade

A number of blades and inserts, rotor, as well as pressure and wear plates of the cartridge and ring, are the main components of the vane pump cartridge.

It should be noted that in the 5-piece cartridge model, 2 plated plates are added to the parts

Vane pump shaft

The shaft is a tool for coupling vane pump and electric motor or combustion engine; In this way, the end part of the shaft is used to couple the pump to the motor, the beginning part is connected to the rotor and cartridge, and in order to prevent the shaft from slipping, it is connected to the shell by bearings.

How vane pump works

A hydraulic cartridge pump has a very simple operation. We can see how these pumps work above. The pump rotor has radial grooves, and by connecting to the drive shaft (the pump shaft that is coupled to the motor), it rotates inside the cam ring, then due to the centrifugal force, the blades that are in the rotor groove are pushed out. and are kept in contact with the rim surface. In simpler terms, it is the centrifugal force that will cause fluid movement and transfer, it should be noted that this force is created by the engine coupled with the cartridge pump shaft.

As it is known, the way the hydraulic cartridge pump works is that in the first half of the cycle, the space between the rotor and the cam ring increases, and the volume expansion created leads to a reduction in pressure and creating suction; In this way, the fluid flows towards the inlet channel. In the second half-turn, the blades return to the groove, and because of this, the volume decreases, and as a result, the fluid moves towards the outlet channel. It is clear that if the eccentricity between the rotor axis and the cam ring is zero; There will be no current at the output.

Vane hydraulic pump with variable flow rate

Hydraulic cartridge pump or hydraulic vane pump has two balanced and unbalanced types. In the balanced hydraulic cartridge pump, the output flow cannot be variable. The rotor eccentricity of some types of hydraulic cartridge pumps can be adjusted by a mechanism known as variable displacement pumps. Basically, the eccentricity of this series of pumps is controlled by manual adjustment or pressure compensating mechanism.

Features of hydraulic cartridge pump

The features of the Vane pump, which can be one of the reasons for the popularity of these pumps, are:

Reasonable price
Compact design and occupying little installation space
High efficiency
The ability to replace the cartridge when it needs to be replaced
Long life
The sound produced by these pumps is relatively low. (They are less noisy than gear pumps.)